Broken Heart Syndrome (Takotsubo Syndrome)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21961012Palavras-chave:
Takotsubo Syndrome, Stress-induced cardiomyopathy, Broken heart syndrome, Geoclimatic accidents, Natural productsResumo
Broken Heart Syndrome, scientifically known as Takotsubo Syndrome (TS), is an acute, transient, and predominantly reversible cardiomyopathy characterized by left ventricular dysfunction triggered by intense emotional or physical stress, clinically mimicking an acute coronary syndrome in the absence of significant coronary obstruction. The aim of this study was to systematize the scientific evidence published between 2000 and 2025 on the definition, nomenclature, epidemiological and geographical distribution, circumstances of onset, diagnostic criteria, conventional treatment, and adjuvant natural products in Takotsubo Syndrome. Regarding the Method, this is a systematic review of an integrative nature, conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, with searches in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS and Virtual Health Library (BVS) databases, using controlled descriptors combined with Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT). Results: after including 72 studies, evidence showed a predominance of the syndrome in postmenopausal women (greater than 80% of cases), with greater description in Asia, Western Europe and North America. In addition, emotional and physical triggers were identified as the main triggering factors based on the progressive evolution of diagnostic criteria (Mayo Clinic, InterTAK Diagnostic Criteria). Conventional treatment is based on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers and hemodynamic support, with a scarcity of randomized clinical trials. Natural products with antioxidant, adaptogenic, and anxiolytic properties (omega-3, coenzyme Q10, magnesium, ashwagandha, melatonin, and polyphenolic compounds) show adjuvant potential in mitigating oxidative stress and catecholaminergic hyperactivity, although with limited and heterogeneous clinical evidence. In conclusion, Takotsubo Syndrome remains a clinical entity with incompletely elucidated pathophysiology, also requiring controlled studies that consolidate conventional and complementary therapeutic strategies in the face of the contemporary reality of instability with geoclimatic accidents, wars, and the dissemination of bizarre events in real time, these being some of several examples of the everyday violence that enters our senses and invades lives, reducing and degrading the condition of human beings.
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