Acurácia diagnóstica da procalcitonina e da proteína C-reativa na detecção precoce da sepse: revisão sistemática e meta-análise
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22699374Palavras-chave:
Sepse, Procalcitonina, Proteína C-reativa, Acurácia diagnóstica, Revisão sistemática, Meta-análiseResumo
Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia diagnóstica da procalcitonina (PCT) e da proteína C-reativa (PCR) na detecção precoce da sepse em adultos. Métodos: Revisão sistemática com meta-análise de estudos de acurácia diagnóstica, conduzida conforme as diretrizes PRISMA 2020 e PRISMA-DTA. As recomendações STARD 2015 foram consideradas como referência para características de relato dos estudos primários de acurácia. As buscas foram realizadas em 18 de agosto de 2026 nas bases PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO e Europe PMC. Dois revisores independentes realizaram a triagem, a extração de dados e a avaliação do risco de viés (QUADAS-2), com divergências resolvidas por um terceiro revisor. Sensibilidade e especificidade foram combinadas por modelos de efeitos aleatórios, segundo o modelo bivariado de Reitsma, com intervalos de predição de 95%. Resultados: De 458 registros identificados, 116 estudos foram incluídos na síntese qualitativa, nove na meta-análise de PCT e oito na de PCR. A PCT apresentou sensibilidade de 0,680 (IC 95%: 0,558–0,782; IP 95%: 0,38–0,89) e especificidade de 0,773 (IC 95%: 0,668–0,853; IP 95%: 0,46–0,94), com DOR de 7,44. A PCR apresentou sensibilidade de 0,766 (IC 95%: 0,647–0,854; IP 95%: 0,44–0,93) e especificidade de 0,684 (IC 95%: 0,442–0,856; IP 95%: 0,20–0,95), com DOR de 8,35. A comparação exploratória entre as DORs, sem modelagem da correlação decorrente de estudos compartilhados entre os biomarcadores, não evidenciou diferença estatisticamente significativa (teste Z; p = 0,773). A heterogeneidade foi elevada (I² > 80%). O teste de Egger não detectou assimetria estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,276 para PCT; p = 0,411 para PCR), embora sua capacidade de detectar viés seja limitada quando k < 10. Conclusão: PCT e PCR apresentaram perfis complementares na síntese agregada — a PCT foi mais específica e a PCR mais sensível —, mas não foi demonstrada diferença estatisticamente significativa na comparação exploratória das DORs. Ambos os biomarcadores devem ser interpretados em conjunto com escores clínicos de triagem e gravidade (qSOFA, SOFA, NEWS2), e não isoladamente. A heterogeneidade elevada e o risco de viés no domínio do teste índice reforçam a necessidade de estudos prospectivos futuros com pontos de corte pré-especificados e definições Sepsis-3 uniformes.
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