Sintomas de transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade e uso inadequado de smartphone em estudantes de medicina.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20437935Palavras-chave:
Smartphone, Comportamento aditivo, Estudantes de MedicinaResumo
O uso inadequado de smartphone tem se tornado uma preocupação crescente entre estudantes universitários, especialmente em cursos de alta exigência acadêmica, como no curso de Medicina. Fatores comportamentais, acadêmicos e clínicos, incluindo sintomas de transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH), podem estar associados a esse fenômeno. Este estudo objetivou analisar a frequência do uso inadequado de smartphones em estudantes de medicina, e sua relação com aspectos sociodemográficos, acadêmicos e sintomas de TDAH. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 215 estudantes universitários. O uso inadequado de smartphone foi avaliado por meio da Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), e os sintomas de TDAH por meio da Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18). Análise múltipla por regressão logística foi realizada para avaliar o uso inadequado do smartphone. O nível de significância estatística considerado foi de 95% (p < 0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que o uso inadequado de smartphone foi de 27,4%. Observou-se aumento significante deste hábito entre estudantes de instituição pública, do 5º ou 6º ano do curso, com uso de smartphone por mais de três horas diárias e com presença de sintomas de TDAH. Os achados reforçam a necessidade de estratégias voltadas ao uso saudável de tecnologias e à identificação adequada de transtornos neuropsiquiátricos nessa população.
Referências
ALAGEEL, A. A. et al. Smartphone addiction and associated factors among postgraduate students in an Arabic sample: a cross-sectional study. BMC psychiatry. [S. I.], v. 21. n. 1. 2021. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03285-0. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
ANDRADE, A. L. M. et al. Validade e confiabilidade da versão Brasileira da Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version para estudantes universitários e adultos. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), [S. l.], v. 37, 2023. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e190117. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
BAI., H. et al. Mobile phone addiction and achievement motivation in Chinese medical students: the chain mediating effect of anxiety and depression symptoms. Frontiers in psychology. [S. I.]. v. 16. n. 1. 2025. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1651675. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
CHEN, J. et al. Unmet psychological needs underlying mobile phone dependence among medical undergraduates: a qualitative study based on the basic psychological needs theory. Front. Psychol. [S. I.], v. 16, 2025. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1608607. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
ELHAI, J, D. et al. Depression, anxiety and fear of missing out as correlates of social, non-social and problematic smartphone use. Addictive Behaviors. [S. I.], v. 105, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106335. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
FILHO., F. J. F. Dependência de smartphones, fatores associados e impacto na saúde mental de estudantes da saúde: um estudo transversal. Revista Caribeña, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 7. 2025. DOI: 10.55905/rcssv14n7-028. Acesso em: 5 apr. 2026.
GODFREY-HARRIS, M.; SHAW, S. C. K. The experiences of medical students with ADHD: A phenomenological study. PLoS One. [S. I.], v. 23, 2023. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290513. Acesso em: 27 abr. 2026.
GRANT, J. E.; LUST, K.; CHAMBERLAIN, S. R. Problematic smartphone use associated with greater alcohol consumption, mental health issues, poorer academic performance, and impulsivity. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. [S. I.], v. 8, n. 2, p. 335–342, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.32. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA (IBGE). Acesso à internet e à televisão e posse de telefone móvel celular para uso pessoal: PNAD Contínua 2023. Rio de Janeiro. IBGE, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.ibge.gov.br. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
IZQUIERDO-CONDOY, J. S. et al. Exploring smartphone use and its applicability in academic training of medical students in Latin America: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC medical education. [S. I.]. v. 24. n. 1. 2024. DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-06334-w. Acesso em: 15 abr. 2026.
KAYA., F.; D., N. B.; D., E. Smart phone usage, sleep quality and depression in university students. Int J Soc Psychiatry. [S. I]. v. 67. n. 5. 2021. DOI: 10.1177/0020764020960207. Acesso em: 26 abr. 2026.
KUBRUSLY, Marcos et al. Nomofobia entre discentes de medicina e sua associação com depressão, ansiedade, estresse e rendimento acadêmico. Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica. [S. I.], v. 45, n. 3, p. 1–8, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-5271v45.3-20210013. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
KURKI, M. et al. Digital mental health literacy -program for the first-year medical students' wellbeing: a one group quasi-experimental study. BMC medical education. [S. I.], v. 21. n. 1. 2021. DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02990-4. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
LIU., H. et al. Prevalence of smartphone addiction and its effects on subhealth and insomnia: a cross-sectional study among medical students. BMC Psychiatry. [S. I.] v. 22. n. 305. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-03956-6. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
LEE, N. Y. W.; ZHANG, M. W. B. Systematic review on prevalence of ADHD, possible ADHD or ADHD symptoms in medical students. Front. Psychiatry. 2025, [S. I.], v. 16. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1684727. Acesso em: 27 abr. 2026.
LEOW, M. Q, H. et al. The relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep among medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE. [S. I.]. v. 18. n. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290724. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
LEOW, M. Q. H. et al. The relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep among medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, [S. I.], v. 18, n. 9. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0290724. Acesso em: 27 abr. 2026.
LI, L. et al. Trialing a simple mobile phone dependency intervention strategy among Chinese college students. Scientific reports. [S. I.], v. 15. n. 1. 2025. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-09864-5. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
LIANG, S. et al. Identifying internet addiction profiles and bridge connectors among Chinese college students and evaluating CBT vs. CBT+MBI interventions via a randomized controlled trial. Journal of behavioral addictions. [S. I.], v. 14, n. 4. 2025. DOI: 10.1556/2006.2025.00086. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
LIN, H.-M. et al. Structural and Functional Neural Correlates in Individuals with Excessive Smartphone Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. [S. I.], v. 19, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph192316277. Acesso em: 27 abr. 2026.
LOREDO E SILVA, M. P. et al. The Use of Smartphones in Different Phases of Medical School and its Relationship to Internet Addiction and Learning Approaches. Journal of medical systems. [S. I.], v. 42. n. 6. 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s10916-018-0958-x. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
MOJIBPOUR., M. et al. Exploring associations between problematic technology-dependent behaviors, physical and mental health, sleep quality, and academic procrastination among medical students. BMC public health. [S. I.], v. 25. n. 1. 2025. DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-23405-9. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
MASON, A. et al. Prevalence, age-of-onset, and course of mental disorders among 72,288 first-year university students from 18 countries in the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative. Journal of psychiatric research. [S. I.], v. 183. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.02.016. Acesso em: 27 abr. 2026.
MATTOS, P. et al. Adaptação transcultural para o português da escala Adult Self-Report Scale para avaliação do transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) em adultos. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry, São Paulo, v. 33, n. 4, p. 188–194, 2006. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
NACIRI, A. et al. E-learning in health professions education during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Journal of educational evaluation for health professions. [S. I.], v. 18, n. 27. 2021. DOI:10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.27. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
NIKOLIC, A. et al. Smartphone addiction, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students. Frontiers in public health. [S. I.], v. 11. 2023. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252371. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
NIKOLIC, A. et al. Smartphone addiction, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students. Frontiers in public health. [S. I.], v. 11. 2023. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252371. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
OLIVEIRA., M. M. DE et al. Association of Smartphone Use and Digital Addiction with Mental Health, Quality of Life, Motivation and Learning of Medical Students: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study. Psychiatry. [S. I.]. v. 86. n. 3. 2023. DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2022.2161258. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
OLIVEIRA, F. A. F. DE; BARROCO, S. M. S. Revolução tecnológica e smartphone: considerações sobre a constituição do sujeito contemporâneo. Psicologia em Estudo. [S. I.], v. 28, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/psicolestud.v28i0.51648. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
OU-YANG, Q. et al. The association between academic achievement, psychological distress, and smartphone addiction: A cross-sectional study among medical students. Psychology, health & medicine. [S. I.], v. 28. n. 5. 2023. DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2148697. Acesso em: 15 abr. 2026.
PHUYAL., N. et al. Smartphone overuse and its impact on musculoskeletal pain in the neck and wrists/hands in medical and nursing undergraduate students: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. [S. I.], v. 15. n. 44945. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29317-3. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
PENG, Z. et al. Neurotransmitters crosstalk and regulation in the reward circuit of subjects with behavioral addiction. Front. Psychiatry, [S. I.], v. 15, 2025. DO: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1439727. Acesso em: 27 abr. 2026.
QI, H. et al. Dysfunctional reward processing amplifies stress-related smartphone overuse: Evidence from ERPs and ecological momentary assessment. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. [S. I.], v. 14, n. 3, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2025.00066. Acesso em: 26 abr. 2026.
RA, C. K. et al. Association of Digital Media Use With Subsequent Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adolescents. JAMA. [S. I.]. v. 320, n. 3. 2018. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.8931. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
RA, C. K. et al. Association of digital media use with subsequent symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among adolescents. JAMA. [S. I.], v. 320, n. 3, p. 255–263, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.8931. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
RESENDE, M. S. DE. et al. Impact of medical school on quality of life and mental health in Brazil: a cross-sectional comparative study. BMJ open. [S. I.], v. 15, n. 6. 2025. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-097917. Acesso em: 27 abr. 2026.
SAYILI, U. et al. Internet Addiction and Social Media Addiction in Medical Faculty Students: Prevalence, Related Factors, and Association with Life Satisfaction. Journal of community health. [S. I.], v. 48. n. 2. 2023. DOI: 10.1007/s10900-022-01153-w. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
SAHIMI, H. M. S. et al. Excessive smartphone use and its correlations with social anxiety and quality of life among medical students in a public university in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study. Front. Psychiatry. [S. I.]. v. 13. 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.956168. Acesso em: 15 abr. 2026.
SANTANDER-HERNÁNDEZ, F. M. et al. Smartphone overuse, depression & anxiety in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. PloS one. [S. I.], v. 17. n. 8. 2022. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273575. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
TEIXEIRA, I. et al. Nomofobia: os impactos psíquicos do uso abusivo das tecnologias digitais em jovens universitários. Revista Observatório, Palmas, v. 5, n. 5, p. 209–240, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2019v5n5p209. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
TIAN., J. et al. Mobile Phone Addiction and Academic Procrastination Negatively Impact Academic Achievement Among Chinese Medical Students. Frontiers in psychology. [S. I.], v. 12. 2021. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.758303. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
TOLAN, Ö. Ç.; KARAHAN, S. The relationship between nomophobia and depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies. [S. I.], v. 9, n. 1, p. 115–129, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2021.9.1.395. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
VANSTEENKISTE, M.; RYAN, R.M.; SOENENS, B. Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions. Motiv Emot. [S. I.], v. 44, p. 1–31, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09818-1. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
WACKS, Y.; WEINSTEIN, A. M. Excessive smartphone use is associated with health problems in adolescents and young adults. Frontiers in Psychiatry, [S. I.], v. 12, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669042. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
ZEYREK, I.; TABARA, M.F.; ÇAKAN, M. Exploring the Relationship of Smartphone Addiction on Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity Symptoms, and Sleep Quality Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Brain Behav. [S. I.], v. 14. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70137. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2026.
